Abstract: Khuzestan province, one of water-rich provinces of Iran, is the crossing point of several important rivers, and the protection of the quantity and quality of these water resources is the most important concerns of water science thinkers and researchers. Recently, the emergence of numerous problems, often associated with human intervention, has endangered the health of these valuable resources. In this article, the data and field observations were analyzed to detect the important water problems created related to the Gatvand dam, the salinity of the Karun River, the three Karun dams, water transfer between water basins, the design of the Bahmanshir system, and Chamshir dam dewatering.  Finally, suggestions were presented to prevent or reduce the effects of improper exploitation of the mentioned plans.
 
Introduction: Water issues in Khuzestan province, as one of the provinces where the important rivers of the country pass, have become one of the most important issues in the past years. In various articles and researches, issues affecting the quantity and quality of water resources in Khuzestan province have been analyzed. The emergence of many problems such as inter-basin water transfer, climate change, plans affecting the quantitative and qualitative changes of water and other causes related to the lack of sufficient supply of water resources in this province has caused the study of the factors affecting the rivers and wetlands of the province. Khuzestan becomes one of the most important issues. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account these issues and according to the collected data, a proper analysis is done in this field, and it is presented in the form of a research plan to improve the prevailing situation of water resources in Khuzestan province. In this study, considering the mentioned issues, an attempt has been made to provide solutions to solve these problems.
 
Methodology: In the leading study, according to the importance of investigating the factors affecting the quantity and quality of water resources in Khuzestan province, by collecting real data from relevant organizations and bodies, various methods and solutions are presented to improve the quality and quantity of water. Since the investigation of these issues requires extensive and practical analysis, in this study, according to the method used to analyze the available data and observations, in addition to categorizing the most important problems observed in the field of water resources in Khuzestan province. Appropriate solutions have been provided in this regard. The issues investigated in this study include the flow of rivers entering Khuzestan province, water salinity (EC) status of rivers in Khuzestan province, the impact of Gotvand and Chamshir dams, Karun-Bahmanshir system design, inter-basin water transfer from Karun and Dez tributaries and also It is the provision of rights to the wetlands of Khuzestan province.
 
Results and Discussion: By examining the issues mentioned in this article and after analyzing the data collected in this research, it was found that the flow of rivers in Khuzestan province has undergone changes in the past years due to inter-basin water transfer projects as well as upstream uses.. The decrease in the flow of the rivers of Khuzestan province from the upstream areas has caused restrictions on the use of these water resources. On the other hand, due to the reduction of rivers and the entry of agricultural, domestic and industrial effluents into these water sources, we see an increase in water salinity. One of the other problems in the field of water issues in Khuzestan province is the construction of the Gotvand dam. With the construction of this dam, we will see a significant increase in the salinity of the Karun River and an increase in salt dissolution in the Gotvand dam reservoir. One of the other issues that cause numerous problems in the downstream of the rivers of Khuzestan province is the impact of the construction of Cham Shir Dam. The construction of this dam on the Zahra River will increase the level of salinity in the downstream areas. The emergence of numerous problems in the implementation stages of the Karun-Bahmanshir system project has caused the review, study and decision-making possibilities of this project due to the noticeable change in the quantitative and qualitative conditions of the lower reaches of the Karun river, as well as the multitude of views in this field, to one of the issues. become a favorite among researchers. On the other hand, considering the water needs of the wetlands of Khuzestan province and the lack of adequate supply of these water sources, the need to study the characteristics of these wetlands and their annual water needs has become one of the important necessities.
 
Conclusion: The historical annual decrease in Khuzestan province from 32 to 20 billion cubic meters can be attributed to factors such as the lack of proper management of river water resources, intensification of water harvesting and inter-basin transfers from Karun and Dez branches. The dissolution of salt formation in Gatvand Dam, which is now about 1.8 million tons per year, will reach about 1.5 million tons per year with a slight improvement. In the case of the Karun-Bahmanshir system and the provision of water rights for the wetlands of Khuzestan province, there will be no change or improvement in the future.